FTPL-Perspective on Tradable Deficit Permits in the EMU

The Growth and Stability Pact restricts member states in their fiscal policy but also causes inflexibility in the pursuit of wide-ranging economic and social reforms. Tradable deficit permits allow more flexibility for individual member states and provide a stick for those who exceed the deficit limit but also a carrot to those who stay below it. But does the trade in deficit permits affect the monetary objectives of the European Central Bank (ECB)? We argue that from a perspective of fiscal theory of the price level, trade in deficit permits can lead to higher inflation depending on the growth rate and the debt/GDP ratio of the member states.     

Spatial Evolution of Social Norms in a Common-Pool Resource Game

We study the conditions for the emergence of cooperation in a spatial common-pool resource (CPR) game. We consider three types of agents: cooperators, defectors and enforcers. The role of enforcers is to punish defectors for overharvesting the resource. Agents are located on a circle and they only observe the actions of their two nearest neighbors. Their payoffs are determined by both local and global interactions and they modify their actions by imitating the strategy in their neighborhood with the highest average payoffs on average. Using theoretical and numerical analysis, we find a large diversity of equilibria to be the outcome of the game. In particular, we find conditions for the occurrence of equilibria in which the three strategies coexist. We also derive the stability of these equilibria. Finally, we show that introducing resource dynamics in the system favors the occurrence of cooperative equilibria.      

The Creation of Value Through Corporate Reputation

The relationship between social and financial performance (CSP – FP) has been a main objective in the literature on business management, as it would provide an economic justification for the social investment insofar as it contributes to the creation of value. This relationship has been empirically tested by several authors though without using a theoretical model that sustains this relationship. The aim of this article is to propose a theoretical model of the process of the creation of value from the reputation generated by companies, integrating the factors that have been shown to be more relevant in this process from previous research, in such a way that hypotheses are put forward regarding the existence of this relationship and the factors that determine it. Finally, an empirical test is performed using the 100 most prestigious companies operating in Spain during 2004.     

也谈发展是硬道理

发展电硬道理的完整涵义是三位一体的全面发展；发展是硬道理是邓小平理论的核心内容；江涯民“三个代表”的建党思想座“立党之本”执政之基、力量之源“阐明了发展才是硬道理的真谛。     

旅游消费理论研究的新思考——评析贝克尔的新消费者行为理论

在评析贝克尔的新消费者行为理论的基础上,指出虽然贝克尔的理论还存在一定的缺陷,但是该理论对消费研究提出的新思路有极高的参考价值,是旅游消费理论研究应该借鉴与吸纳的.     

关于高等专科学校开设邓小平理论课的研究报告

邓小平理论课教学目标的确立和贯彻，确定教学内容的重点和难点，加强教学的针对性、实效性，改进、创新教学方法和手段。     

发展研究的发展趋势和理论任务

目前国内外发展理论中出现了发展研究的大众普及化、生态学化、哲学化、东方化、马克思化和意识形态化等新趋势。据此 ,本文提出发展理论研究的根本任务是 :建立跨世纪跨学科的发展科学 ;思考和建构具有中国特色的社会发展理论体系。     

Setting Efficient Incentives for Agricultural Research: Lessons from Principal-Agent Theory

A conceptual analysis of important issues in the organization and management of academic research is presented. Principal-agent theory is applied to derive optimal compensation schemes for scientists when they differ in ability, risk aversion, cost of effort, and reservation utility, and to show the optimal trade-off between institutional risk and scientists' abilities. Implications for an efficient organization of research are derived, including how scientists' incentives should be structured to elicit optimal research efforts and direction, whether research direction should be centralized or decentralized, and whether the organization of research should be through external competitive grants or program and institutional funding.     

社会必要劳动时间的转化形式

价值决定中的生产条件实质上不过是社会必要劳动时间的转化形式。作为必要的劳动时间规定的转化形式,生产条件一方面以社会标准形式重新确认它自身包含的过去劳动的社会必要性;另一方面,它依社会必要水平重新规定应归入总量的过去劳动的必要量,从而影响社会必要劳动时间的总体确定。作为过去劳动必要性质的再现,生产条件在它自身的移位中获得了社会标准确定,它是社会必要劳动时间的两个层次有机联系的纽带,这种联系赋予两个层次的社会必要劳动时间以统一的规定和总体确定的形式,商品价值量就是由这种总体确定社会必要劳动时间决定的。     

灌输理论在思想政治教育工作中的应用

灌输理论在思想政治工作中一直起着重要作用,在新的历史时期仍有重要的现实意义。运用这一方法,要了解对象,教育目标和内容要正确,具体方法要有科学性、针对性、启发性、趣味性,形式可多种多样。